Specification :

Affect uneven pigmentation most people, regardless of ethnic background or skin color. The skin may also appear lighter or darker than usual; may have acne, uneven areas, patches of brown discoloration or freckling gray. Skin pigmentation disorders occur because the body produces too much or too little melanin. Melanin is the pigment produced by melanocyte cells. This was triggered by an enzyme called tyrosinase, which creates the color of skin, eye and hair color.

Melanin has two major forms that combine to create the skin color is different. Eumelanin produce many brown skin and hair color, while pheomelanin instill reddish yellow hue.

Melanin provides some amount of sun protection for the skin by absorbing ultraviolet light. Dark skin color is less susceptible to sunburn and the overall effects of sun damage.

Increased melanin production - also known as hyperpigmentation - often referred to as melasma, chloasma or solar lentigenes.

Melasma is a general term that describes the dark of the skin.
Chloasma generally used to describe skin discolorations caused by hormones. These hormonal changes are usually due to pregnancy, birth control pills or estrogen replacement therapy.
Solar lentigenes is a technical term for the dark spots on the skin caused by the sun. refers to the sun and lentigene describes a dark area of skin. These spots are very common in adults with a long history of unprotected sun exposure.
Apart from sun exposure and hormones, hyperpigmentation can be caused by damage to the skin, such as the remnants of disability, injury or rash. This is particularly true for those with darker skin tones.

The most typical cause of darkened areas of skin, brown spots or discoloration is a protected area exposure to sunlight. After the one referred to as spots, these pigment problems are not connected with the heart.

Light to medium skin tones, appears as lentigenes solar freckling small to medium-sized brown patches that can grow and accumulate over time in areas of the body that receives the most sun exposure is not protected, like the back of the hands, forearms, chest, and face. For those who have a skin color darker, these discolorations can appear as patches or areas pale gray skin.
Combination treatments Most skin lightening treatments, which can reduce or block some amount of melanin production, intended to inhibit tyrosinase. Many treatments that use a combination of topical lotions or gels containing melanin-inhibiting ingredients along with sunscreen, and prescription retinoids. Depending on how the skin respond to this treatment, BHA & AHA Exfoliants - whether in the form of topical cosmetic or chemical skin - and the laser can be used. New developments using the LED system showed good results, too.